What was the overall finding regarding humility in the three groups?

• A. All three groups exhibited less humility on average than the researchers expected.
• B. All three groups showed higher humility than expected.
• C. Only one group showed decreased humility.
• D. Humility levels were unchanged across groups.

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is how observed humility compared to what researchers predicted for each group. When all three groups show less humility on average than expected, it means every group’s average humility score fell below the forecasted value. That pattern indicates a universal shortfall relative to the prediction across the board, rather than a rise or no change.

So the statement that best fits is that humility was lower than researchers anticipated across all groups. The other possibilities would require at least one group to show the opposite pattern (more humility than expected) or no change, which isn’t what the data show.